The Basic Terminologies of Computer.
Basic Concepts of Computer:
By “Md Farrukh Asif”
1. Hardware Test Your Knowledge
Central Processing Unit (CPU): Think of the CPU as the brain of the computer. Just like your brain processes thoughts and makes decisions, the CPU processes instructions and manages operations within the computer.
Random Access Memory (RAM): Imagine RAM as your desk space. The larger the desk, the more papers (tasks) you can have out at once. RAM temporarily holds data and programs you're currently using.
Hard Drive (HDD) / Solid State Drive (SSD): This is like a filing cabinet where all your documents, pictures, and software are stored. An SSD is like a high-speed digital filing cabinet, much faster than an HDD.
Motherboard: Consider this the backbone or nervous system of the computer, connecting all the different parts so they can communicate with each other.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): If the CPU is the brain, the GPU is like a visual artist, responsible for rendering images and videos.
Power Supply Unit (PSU): This is like the heart, supplying power to all the components.
Click Me to Explore
Detailed description of the Computer and its Components.
(Input Units)
A Complete and Detailed Definition with examples of Output
Devices (New Tech based)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) Latest Enquiries
Memory Unit (I/O) Devices by Farrukh
The Basic Terminologies of Computer by Md. Farrukh Asif
Generation of Computer by Md. Farrukh Asif
The Evolution of Computer Languages(Part-I) by Md. Farrukh
Asif
The Evolution of Computer Languages(Part-II) by Md. Farrukh
Asif
Computer Network Topologies
By Md. Farrukh Asif
Communication Protocols
by “Md Farrukh Asif”
Basic Computer's Features and Use by Md. Farrukh Asif
Operating System and its Functionality: by Md. Farrukh Asif
Batch OS and Time Sharing OS by Md. Farrukh Asif
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): Explained Simply
The Wider
Use of Microkernel and its Components in OS
2. Software
Operating System (OS): The OS is like the manager of a hotel. It oversees everything, from the staff (applications) to the guests (users), ensuring everything runs smoothly.
Applications (Apps): These are like different employees in the hotel, each with a specific role—like a word processor for writing or a web browser for exploring the internet.
Drivers: Think of drivers as translators that help your operating system communicate with hardware devices, like printers or graphics cards.
3. Networking
Internet: This is like a global marketplace or library, full of information and services that you can access from anywhere.
Router: A router is like a traffic cop, directing internet traffic to the right destinations in your home or office network.
Wi-Fi: Consider Wi-Fi as the invisible bridge that connects your devices to the internet without wires.
IP Address: An IP address is like your home address on the internet, used to identify your device.
4. Data
File: A file is like a digital document, containing data such as text, images, or videos.
Folder: A folder is like a digital drawer where you can store and organize your files.
Database: Imagine a database as a super-organized library, where data is stored in a structured way for easy retrieval.
Cloud Storage: Think of cloud storage as a remote locker where you can store your files and access them from anywhere with an internet connection.
5. Security
Firewall: A firewall is like a security guard that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic, blocking potential threats.
Antivirus Software: This is like a doctor for your computer, scanning for and treating viruses and malware.
Encryption: Encryption is like locking a message in a safe, ensuring only the intended recipient can read it.
6. User Interface (UI)
Graphical User Interface (GUI): A GUI is like the friendly face of a computer, using icons and visuals to help you interact with the system easily.
Command Line Interface (CLI): A CLI is like talking to your computer in a specific language, typing commands to get things done.
7. Internet and Web
Web Browser: A web browser is like a window to the internet, allowing you to view websites.
URL: A URL is like the street address of a specific web page.
Search Engine: Think of a search engine as a digital librarian that helps you find information on the internet.
Cookies: Cookies are like little notes that websites leave on your browser, helping them remember your preferences.
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Some basic terminologies must known by the users to understand well the computer and its terms.
The computer is
an electronic device that is used to store data, as per given instructions
it gives results quickly and accurately.
Data: Data is a raw
material of information.
Information:
Proper collection of the data is called information.
Characteristics of Computer
SPEED: In general, no
human being can compete to solve the complex computation, faster
than computer.
ACCURACY:
Since a Computer is programmed, so whatever input we give it gives results with
accuratly.
STORAGE: The computer can
store mass storage of data in an appropriate format.
DILIGENCE: The computer can work for hours without any breaks and create errors.
VERSATILITY:
We can use a computer to perform completely different types of work at the same
time.
POWER OF REMEMBERING:
It can remember data for us.
NO IQ: The computer does
not work without instruction.
NO FEELING: A computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience, or feelings.
Computer: The computer itself is a combination of different types of separate electronic devices. i.e.
Computer only will be a computer if it has INPUT DEVICE, PROCESS UNIT, and OUTPUT
DEVICE.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is the heart and mind of the computer
without this unit computer
is unable to process.
Keyboard:
This is an input device that is used to input the data into the computer.
Mouse: This is also
an input device that is used to input the data into the computer.
Monitor: This is an
output device that is used to show the result of the instructions.
There are a variety of monitors available in
the market such as CRT Monitor, LCD
Monitor, Touch Screen Monitor, TFT
Monitor, etc.
Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS):
This is an electronic device that is used to manage
the power supply of the computer.
Hard Disk (HDD): This is used to store the data in massive amounts. There are so many types of
HDD
available in the market, i.e. SATA, PATA, External HDD,
Internal HDD.
Printer:
This is an output device that is used to show the result on the paper. There
are plenty
of printers available in the
market like inkjet, Laser printer, dot matrix printer, etc.
Universal Serial Bus (USB): This is used to connect the external device to the computer.
Ethernet Cable: This is used to connect computers with other computers.
CD/DVD ROM:
This is used to store the data.
Speaker:
This is an output device that is used to listen to voice, songs, etc.
Mike: This is an
Input device that is used to record the sound.
Laptop: This is a complete computer which can be carried anywhere at any time.
Netbook:
This is called a mini laptop which is generally lighter and smaller than a laptop.
Random Access Memory (RAM):
This is called primary memory. This is also called the main
memory of the computer. Whatever data is written in this
memory, is lost after switching off the system.
Read Only Memory (ROM):
This is called primary memory. Data is written in this memory by
the vendor of the computer permanently.
Pen Drive:
This is a very popular device nowadays for carrying data on the move.
Blue Ray Disk:
This is the same as CD/DVD but the only difference is it can store multiple times of data
from CD/DVD
and is faster than CD/DVD.
Scanner:
This is an input device that is used to scan the document for the soft copy.
LCD: It is known as a Liquid Crystal Display. It is an output device as a monitor.
Motherboard:
It is a combination of electronic circuits.
Sound Card:
This is also a combination of electronic circuits which helps to give output
in the form of sound.
Graphics Card:
This is also a combination of electronic circuits that helps to output
the
data into the
monitor.
Computer Software
Software is a logical program to handle/solve complex problems.
System Software:
This is a special type of software which is responsible for handling the whole
computer
system.
Application Software:
This is a special type of software that is used to solve a particular problem.
Embedded Software:
This type of software is embedded with hardware to do a specific type of job.
Proprietary Software:
In general, this type of software requires a purchase to use that particular
software
for some time or single user as conditioned by the vendor
of
that particular software.
Open Source Software :
This type of software may be freely available and can not be use in
commercially. We can modify, and use it under the same license.
Computer Languages
Machine Level Language :
This is low level programming language. Computer or any electronic device only
understand this language. i.e. Binary number i.e 0 and 1.
Assembly Level Language :
This is a low level programming language which is converted into executable
machine code by a utility programmer referred to as an assembler.
High Level Language :
High level language is a programming language which is easily
understandable/readable by human.
Interpreter :
This is a convertor which converts high level language programme to low level
language programme line by line.
Compiler :
This is also a convertor which converts whole high level language programme to
low level language programme at a time.
Number System
Binary Number System :
It has only base 2 i.e 0 and 1
Octal Number System : Base of octal is 8
i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Decimal Number System :
Base of Decimal is 10 i.e. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal Number System :
Base of this number system is 16 i.e. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D
E F
Q1. What is a Number System,
and its Use?
A number system is a
mathematical framework for representing and manipulating numbers. It provides a
consistent way of expressing quantities and performing arithmetic operations.
Different number systems are used based on the requirements of various fields
such as mathematics, computing, and everyday life.
Types of Number Systems
1. Decimal Number System (Base-10)
- Digits
Used: 0-9
- Example:
345
- Use:
The most commonly used number system in everyday life for counting,
measuring, and financial transactions.
2. Binary Number System (Base-2)
- Digits
Used: 0, 1
- Example:
1011
- Use:
Fundamental in computing and digital electronics where data is
represented in bits.
3. Octal Number System (Base-8)
- Digits
Used: 0-7
- Example:
675
- Use:
Used in computing as a shorthand for binary, due to simpler conversion
compared to decimal.
4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16)
- Digits
Used: 0-9, A-F
- Example:
1A3
- Use:
Widely used in computing and digital systems to represent binary-coded
values more compactly.
Uses of Number Systems
1. Mathematical Calculations
- Number
systems provide the foundation for arithmetic operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
2. Computer Systems
- Computers
use the binary number system to process data. Hexadecimal and octal
systems are used for memory addressing and simplifying binary
representation.
3. Digital Electronics
- Binary
numbers are used in digital circuits and microprocessors. Octal and
hexadecimal systems simplify the design and analysis of these circuits.
4. Data Representation
- Different
number systems are used to encode and decode data. For instance,
hexadecimal is used in color codes in web design (e.g., #FFFFFF for
white).
5. Engineering and Science
- Engineers
and scientists use various number systems for calculations, modeling, and
simulations that require precision and efficiency.
Operating System
Windows : This is an Proprietary Operating system
and vendor is Microsoft. i.e. Windows 2007, Windows vista, Windows 2008 etc.
Linux : This is an open
source Operating System such as ubuntu, fedora, debian, mandriva,
centOS etc. Linux (Ubuntu ) Desktop Elements File Management in Linux (Ubuntu)
Computer Security
Virus and worms :
These are the computer programme which malfunction the computer system.
Virus
requires a carrier while worms does this by itself. Worm does not
requires
any carrier.
Spoofing :
Through this, deceiving the computer users and making the fool.
Intrusion or Hacking :
If a computer is used and controlled by unauthorised users then it is called
hacking
and who does this is called hacker. Main purpose of hacking to
steal the private data or alter
the actual data.
Denial of Services:
The main aim of this attack is to bring down the targeted network and make
it to
deny the service for legitimate users.
Sniffing :
Data can be seen and watched when it travels one computer to other computer.
Generation of the
Computer Charlse Babbase is known as father of computer he has
invented first analytical
computer in year 1822
Characteristics of Computers:
The characteristics of computers that have made them
so powerful and universally useful are speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility
and storage capacity. Let us discuss them briefly.
Speed:
Computers work at an incredible speed. A powerful
computer is capable of performing about 3-4 million simple instructions per
second.
Accuracy:
In addition to being fast, computers are also
accurate. Errors that may occur can almost always be attributed to human error
(inaccurate data, poorly designed system or faulty instructions/programs
written by the programmer)
Diligence:
Unlike human beings, computers are highly
consistent. They do not suffer from human traits of boredom and tiredness
resulting in lack of concentration. Computers, therefore, are better than human
beings in performing voluminous and repetitive jobs.
Versatility:
Computers are versatile machines and are capable of
performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical
steps. The presence of computers can be seen in almost every sphere –
Railway/Air reservation, Banks, Hotels, Weather forecasting and many more.
Storage Capacity:
Today’s computers can store large volumes of data. A
piece of information once recorded (or stored) in the computer, can never be
forgotten and can be retrieved almost instantaneously.
*** See You Again ***
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