Computer Graphics (Zoom in, out, Fractals) Md. Farrukh Asif

 

Animation Functions

1. Morphing: Morphing is an animation function which is used to transform object shape from one form to another is called Morphing. It is one of the most complicated transformations. This function is commonly used in movies, cartoons, advertisement, and computer games.

·         Morphing is a familiar technology to produce special effects in images or videos. Morphing is common in the entertainment industry.

·         Morphing is widely used in movies, animation games, etc. In addition to its usage in the entertainment industry, morphing can be used in computer-based training, electronic book illustrations, presentations, education purposes, etc. Morphing software is widely available on internet.

·         Animation industry looking for advanced technology to produce special effects on their movies. Increasing customers of the animation industry are not satisfied with movies with simple animation.

Here comes the significance of morphing:

·         The Word "Morphing" comes from the word "metamorphosis" which means a change in shape, appearance, or form. Morphing is done by coupling image distorting with color interpolation.

         Morphing is the process in which the source image is gradually distorted and vanishes while producing the target image. So earlier images in the sequence are similar to the source image and the last images are similar to a target image. The middle image of the sequence is the average of the source image and the target image.

Some Morphing examples are given below:

The process of Morphing involves three steps:

1. In the first step, one initial image and another final image are added to the morphing application as shown in fig: Ist & 4th object consider as key frames.

2. The second step involves the selection of key points on both images for a smooth transition between two images as shown in 2nd object.

3. In the third step, the key point of the first image transforms to a corresponding key point of the second image as shown in 3rd object of the figure.

2. Wrapping: Wrapping function is similar to morphing function. It distorts only the initial images so that it matches with final images and no fade occurs in this function.

Image warping:

v  Image warping is the process of digitally manipulating an image such that any shapes portrayed in the image have been significantly distorted. Warping
may be used for correcting image distortion as well as for creative purposes (e.g., morphing). The same techniques are equally applicable to video.

v  While an image can be transformed in various ways, pure warping means that points are mapped to points without changing the colors. This can be based mathematically on any function from (part of) the plane to the plane. If the function is injective the original can be reconstructed. If the function is a bijection any image can be inversely transformed.

The following list is not meant to be a partitioning of all available methods into categories.

·         Images may be distorted through simulation of optical aberrations.

·         Images may be viewed as if they had been projected onto a curved or mirrored surface. (This is often seen in raytraced images.)

·         Images can be partitioned into polygons and each polygon distorted.

·         Images can be distorted using morphing.

3. Tweening: Tweening is the short form of 'inbetweening.' Tweening is the process of generating intermediate frames between the initial & last final images. This function is popular in the film industry.

Example of Tweening :

                                   

4. Panning: Usually Panning refers to the rotation of the camera in a horizontal Plane. In computer graphics, Panning relates to the movement of a fixed-size window across the window object in a scene. In which direction does the fixed-sized window move, the object appears to move in the opposite direction as shown in fig:

If the window moves in a backward direction, then the object appears to move in the forward direction and the window moves in a forward direction then the object appears to move in a backward direction.

5. Zooming: In zooming, the window is fixed on an object and changes its size, the object also appears to change in size. When the window is made smaller about a fixed center, the object comes inside the window appear more enlarged. This feature is known as Zooming In.

When we increase the size of the window about the fixed center, the object comes inside the window appear small. This feature is known as Zooming Out.

6. Fractals: Fractal Function is used to generate a complex picture by using Iteration. Iteration means the repetition of a single formula again & again with slightly different value based on the previous iteration result. These results are displayed on the screen in the form of the display picture.

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